The Cater Administration and the Evolution of American Nuclear Essay

The Cater Administration and the Evolution of American Nuclear Non-profileration Policy - Essay Example t nuclear power cannot be used in our time, but these people overlook the fact that some marginalized countries already have nuclear technologies, and their nuclear potential is constantly increasing. Furthermore, it is considered that such countries as Iran and Northern Korea are developing their own nuclear programs. The aim of the Carter administration’s non-proliferation measures was to decrease the whole amount of nuclear weapons in the world and to control possible proliferation. Michael J. Martinez in his article The Carter Administration and the Evolution of American Nonproliferation Policy, 1977-1981 has analyzed the main features of Carter’s non-proliferation policy. This paper will briefly explain America’s nuclear non-proliferation policy from 1945-1977; it will also discuss the Carter’s ability to influence the policy process, as well as positive and negative results of Carter’s non-proliferation policy. 2. â€Å"Non-proliferation policy† refers to foreign policy measures directed at reducing world nuclear weapons through international treaties between states possessing nuclear technology or trying to have it. American nuclear non-proliferation policy from 1945 until 1977 has greatly changed. These changes were dictated by unstable foreign policy situations which were evident in the constant tension between the United States with its European allies and the Soviet Union. After World War II, former Anti-Hitler Coalition allies frequently disagreed and constantly confronted each other, which resulted in the Cold War. After World War II and in the beginning of the Cold War, U.S. efforts were directed toward stopping proliferation and halting the development of nuclear programs of the Soviet Union and its Socialist allies. American nuclear policy also was concentrated on assisting U.S. allies to develop defensive nuclear capabilities in Western Europe. Nuclear bomb testing by Fra nce changed the U.S. strategy pursued strict non-proliferation

Data Security and Responsibility of the User Essay

Data Security and Responsibility of the User - Essay Example Hence, the human resources department are tasked to track all head hunting and social engineering activities to steal the personal information about the game designers and developers by the competition. In this context, the gaming companies implement stringent Information security policies similar to the ones defined for any software engineering company. Dayarathna (2009) presented five types of unauthorized activities that can be carried out in an organization that is immensely dependent upon computer systems and because all their intellectual properties and data resides on computer systems. These activities are - access, use, destructions, alterations and disclosure. The protection of information against these unauthorized activities are carried out in three attributes requiring different controls - Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. In my major, all the information assets including personal records are identified and their requirements pertaining to Confidentiality, Inte grity and Availability are assessed. Thereafter, the threats from unauthorized activities are assessed and the internal vulnerabilities are detected such that the risk exposures can be determined. The asset based risk assessment methodology recommended by NIST is one of the most suitable risk analysis methods applicable in computer systems industries like the gaming industry (Stoneburner and Goguen et al. 2002). The controls are applied as an integral part of the risk mitigation strategies once all the threats and corresponding risks to assets are assessed and documented. Identity management controls to protect personal records form an integral part of such controls. The records comprises of personal attributes, academic records and professional records of employees. Claub and Kohntopp (2001) argued that identity management requires multilaterally secured communication within an organization. Such a system requires that security concerns of all parties in a communication are protect ed and hence valid pseudonyms related to all parties need to be shared. If one of the parties is not able to share valid pseudonyms then the party is viewed to be an unauthorized participant in the communication channel. The companies having computer generated intellectual properties are very strict about such pseudonyms that are digitally coded in various access tools provided to valid employees. Moreover, all communication channels are secured using various controls like e-mails & attachment scrutiny (both in inbound as well as outbound), private e-mail sites blocked by a firewall, intrusion prevention systems deployed at the Internet gateways, telephone conversations are routed through trained operators smart enough to detect social engineering/head-hunting attempts, etc (Phua. 2009). Such mechanisms can help in protecting theft of pseudonyms related to all employees such that their identity can be protected. Companies dependent upon computer generated intellectual property are h ighly concerned about protection of personnel information that